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July 22 in Scottish History

Today in 1298 the Battle of Falkirk took place. King Edward I of England defeated the Scots under Sir William Wallace. The defeat caused Wallace, the "Guardian of Scotland", to leave the country in self-imposed exile while the English continued to exercise overlordship.

On 22 July 1793 Alexander MacKenzie, the Stornoway-born explorer, reached the Pacific Ocean from Canada by land in the first crossing of the North American continent. Mackenzie marked his triumph by carving the words "Alex Mackenzie from Canada by Land 22 July 1793" on a rock.

On this day in 1902 Marion Wilberforce, the pioneering Scottish aviatrix, was born. One of the first eight women pilots to be recruited by the Air Transport Auxiliary in 1940, her job was to fly new aircraft from the factories to the squadrons. This work was originally done by men, generally pilots who were not fully fit for operational flying and who were nicknamed "Ancient and Tattered Airmen". The women were nicknamed "Atagirls". In order to do the job the women had to overcome the deeply ingrained sexual prejudices of men in politics and the armed forces.